10
to the scope of the results of Macusani Yellowcake, he
mentions that there is a distance of about 30 kilometers
between the lithium mineralized areas (Falchani) and ura-
nium (Macusani). Whose drilling in Macursani was posi-
tive and generated further exploration and lithium deposits
increased from 2.5 to 4.7 million tons.
[24] Estimates an investment of $2,089 million in
lithium in Puno, of which $587 million correspond to the
first phase (initial capex) indicated in Table 2. The informa-
tion in this paper on the resources available by Benchmark
Minerals Intelligence (BMI), the project is valued at $1.55
billion, with an internal rate of return of 19.7% and a pay-
back period of 4.7 years. According to [25], ],it indicates
that lithium resources are 4.5 million tons, in the results
obtained in the article the General Manager of Macusani
Yellowcake reports that the resources discovered in the
exploration work amount to 4.7 million tons of lithium,
which coincides with that mentioned by [21] although it
adds the amount of uranium production being 124 million
pounds. According to [26] reported in a publication that
the Chilean Blanco Project will annually produce 20,000
tons of very good grade lithium carbonate, with a useful
life of 20 years, the initial investment in said project is US$
2,100 million.
[27] Indicates that although Law 31283 exists (The law
that declares the research, extraction and industrialization of
lithium and its derivatives to be of public necessity, national
interest and strategic resource), dated July 15, 2021, there
are no regulations for said standard but, according to the
results shown in this article, Minister Herrera on June 14,
2022 indicates that work is already underway on clear regu-
lations regarding the exploitation of lithium and uranium,
which coincides with [28] which adds that the regulatory
framework will guarantee its use. In Chile, according to the
Latin American Observatory of Environmental Conflicts
[29], the regulatory framework is organized by the regula-
tory companies.
CONCLUSIONS
Lithium has become a key strategic resource for technologi-
cal development and the global energy transition. Through
an econometric model it was estimated that its demand will
grow steadily driven by sectors such as electric vehicles and
electronics. It is projected that by 2030 Chile will provide
21% of global lithium, Argentina 19% and Australia 14%,
while Peru emerges as a new player with 3% of the mar-
ket (1.50% for 2025) and, according to studies conducted
by Multiple Regression Model) position Peru with 2025 –
1.26% and 2030 – 1.31% globally.
Academic research on lithium also exhibits rapid expo-
nential growth. Between 9,000–10,000 articles on lithium
economics are forecasted in 2030, and 17,000–23,000 on
its technology. This reflects global innovation and interest
in this mineral.
Peru has important lithium reserves, estimated at 4.7
million tons in Puno, positioning itself as the sixth largest
project in the world. Its exploitation requires adequate reg-
ulation that balances economic, social and environmental
aspects. It is estimated that lithium mining would increase
socio-environmental conflicts by 15–25%, a manageable
level with good practices.
The article comprehensively analyzes the global lith-
ium context and incorporates projections with economet-
ric, multiple and simple regression models on its demand,
production and prices to 2025 – 2030. It also presents
updated statistics on reserves in Puno and describes the
challenges for its exploitation in Peru. Lithium represents
an opportunity for economic diversification with a sustain-
able approach, but institutional capabilities and prior con-
sultation are needed to ensure responsible use. The country
has enormous potential to become a relevant player in the
mining of this strategic resource.
REFERENCES
[1] Plateau Energy Metals, “Plateau Energy Metals –
Energiminas,” Revista Energiminas. Accessed: Jul.
25, 2023. [Online]. Available: energiminas.com/tag
/plateau-energy-metals/.
[2] J. C. M. F. J. M. I. Torre, “OneMine |Caracterización
sobre ocurrencias de minerales de litio en la Cordillera
Oriental y el Altiplano -Puno y Cusco, como indi-
cios a un nuevo impulso estratégico de recursos
energéticos e industrias tecnológicas,” Instituto de
Ingenieros de Minas del Perú. Accessed: Jul. 25, 2023.
[Online]. Available: www.onemine.org/documents
/caracterizaci-n-sobre-ocurrencias-de-minerales-de
-litio-en-la-cordillera-oriental-y-el-altiplano-puno
-y-cusco-como-indicios-a-un-nuevo-impulso
-estrat-gico-de-recursos-energ-ticos-e-industrias
-tecnol-gicas.
[3] Informercador, “Litio en el Perú: ¿Qué pasó con el
yacimiento descubierto en Puno? -Infomercado
-Noticias.” Accessed: Jul. 25, 2023. [Online].
Available: infomercado.pe/litio-en-el-peru-que-paso
-con-el-yacimiento-descubierto-en-puno/.
[4] P. C. e.g.’Vilca Arpasi, “EL PROYECTO DE
EXPLOTACIÓN DE LITIO EN PUNO.”
to the scope of the results of Macusani Yellowcake, he
mentions that there is a distance of about 30 kilometers
between the lithium mineralized areas (Falchani) and ura-
nium (Macusani). Whose drilling in Macursani was posi-
tive and generated further exploration and lithium deposits
increased from 2.5 to 4.7 million tons.
[24] Estimates an investment of $2,089 million in
lithium in Puno, of which $587 million correspond to the
first phase (initial capex) indicated in Table 2. The informa-
tion in this paper on the resources available by Benchmark
Minerals Intelligence (BMI), the project is valued at $1.55
billion, with an internal rate of return of 19.7% and a pay-
back period of 4.7 years. According to [25], ],it indicates
that lithium resources are 4.5 million tons, in the results
obtained in the article the General Manager of Macusani
Yellowcake reports that the resources discovered in the
exploration work amount to 4.7 million tons of lithium,
which coincides with that mentioned by [21] although it
adds the amount of uranium production being 124 million
pounds. According to [26] reported in a publication that
the Chilean Blanco Project will annually produce 20,000
tons of very good grade lithium carbonate, with a useful
life of 20 years, the initial investment in said project is US$
2,100 million.
[27] Indicates that although Law 31283 exists (The law
that declares the research, extraction and industrialization of
lithium and its derivatives to be of public necessity, national
interest and strategic resource), dated July 15, 2021, there
are no regulations for said standard but, according to the
results shown in this article, Minister Herrera on June 14,
2022 indicates that work is already underway on clear regu-
lations regarding the exploitation of lithium and uranium,
which coincides with [28] which adds that the regulatory
framework will guarantee its use. In Chile, according to the
Latin American Observatory of Environmental Conflicts
[29], the regulatory framework is organized by the regula-
tory companies.
CONCLUSIONS
Lithium has become a key strategic resource for technologi-
cal development and the global energy transition. Through
an econometric model it was estimated that its demand will
grow steadily driven by sectors such as electric vehicles and
electronics. It is projected that by 2030 Chile will provide
21% of global lithium, Argentina 19% and Australia 14%,
while Peru emerges as a new player with 3% of the mar-
ket (1.50% for 2025) and, according to studies conducted
by Multiple Regression Model) position Peru with 2025 –
1.26% and 2030 – 1.31% globally.
Academic research on lithium also exhibits rapid expo-
nential growth. Between 9,000–10,000 articles on lithium
economics are forecasted in 2030, and 17,000–23,000 on
its technology. This reflects global innovation and interest
in this mineral.
Peru has important lithium reserves, estimated at 4.7
million tons in Puno, positioning itself as the sixth largest
project in the world. Its exploitation requires adequate reg-
ulation that balances economic, social and environmental
aspects. It is estimated that lithium mining would increase
socio-environmental conflicts by 15–25%, a manageable
level with good practices.
The article comprehensively analyzes the global lith-
ium context and incorporates projections with economet-
ric, multiple and simple regression models on its demand,
production and prices to 2025 – 2030. It also presents
updated statistics on reserves in Puno and describes the
challenges for its exploitation in Peru. Lithium represents
an opportunity for economic diversification with a sustain-
able approach, but institutional capabilities and prior con-
sultation are needed to ensure responsible use. The country
has enormous potential to become a relevant player in the
mining of this strategic resource.
REFERENCES
[1] Plateau Energy Metals, “Plateau Energy Metals –
Energiminas,” Revista Energiminas. Accessed: Jul.
25, 2023. [Online]. Available: energiminas.com/tag
/plateau-energy-metals/.
[2] J. C. M. F. J. M. I. Torre, “OneMine |Caracterización
sobre ocurrencias de minerales de litio en la Cordillera
Oriental y el Altiplano -Puno y Cusco, como indi-
cios a un nuevo impulso estratégico de recursos
energéticos e industrias tecnológicas,” Instituto de
Ingenieros de Minas del Perú. Accessed: Jul. 25, 2023.
[Online]. Available: www.onemine.org/documents
/caracterizaci-n-sobre-ocurrencias-de-minerales-de
-litio-en-la-cordillera-oriental-y-el-altiplano-puno
-y-cusco-como-indicios-a-un-nuevo-impulso
-estrat-gico-de-recursos-energ-ticos-e-industrias
-tecnol-gicas.
[3] Informercador, “Litio en el Perú: ¿Qué pasó con el
yacimiento descubierto en Puno? -Infomercado
-Noticias.” Accessed: Jul. 25, 2023. [Online].
Available: infomercado.pe/litio-en-el-peru-que-paso
-con-el-yacimiento-descubierto-en-puno/.
[4] P. C. e.g.’Vilca Arpasi, “EL PROYECTO DE
EXPLOTACIÓN DE LITIO EN PUNO.”