10
further support for the similitude to in-mine tests, and now
includes NAB mines in this comparison.
LIMITATIONS
Selected mine ventilation designs approved by MSHA for
use in Pittsburgh Coal Seam longwall operations were uti-
lized for testing. Variations in air quantities, longwall face
velocities and tailgate “T Split” designs were included based
upon co-operating mines’ ventilation data in the testing.
Individual test results may not be applied to all mine venti-
lation design scenarios.
Sample locations in the LIAM mined gob areas have
undefined areas due to their location in the mined gob
‘rubble’ zone behind the active longwall face. A maximum
defined area of 25% has been assigned for those locations
for calculation purposes. Sulfur Hexafluoride gas is utilized
as a surrogate for methane in the LIAM testing. This study
inserted tracer gas in the LIAM model only at the (mine)
roof level and let it migrate through the model during
testing.
DISCLAIMER
The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the official posi-
tion of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). Mention of any company or product
does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH.
REFERENCES
[1] Harris, M., et al., Permeability determination for
potential interaction between shale gas wells and the
coal mine environment due to longwall-induced defor-
mations under deep cover, in Underground Ventilation.
2023, CRC Press. p. 499–506.
[2] Watkins, E., C.Ö. Karacan, V. Gangrade, and S.
Schatzel, Assessing Gas Leakage Potential into Coal
Mines from Shale Gas Well Failures: Inference from
Field Determination of Strata Permeability Responses
to Longwall-Induced Deformations. Natural Resources
Research, 2021. 30(3): p. 2347–2360.
[3] Ajayi, K., et al., Numerical modeling of longwall-
induced permeability under shallow cover. Tukkaraja
(Ed.), Mine Ventilation, 2021: p. 389–397.
[4] Ajayi, K.M. and S.J. Schatzel, Transport model for
shale gas well leakage through the surrounding fractured
zones of a longwall mine. International journal of min-
ing science and technology, 2020. 30(5): p. 635–641.
[5] Ajayi, K.M., Z. Khademian, and S.J. Schatzel,
Evaluation of parameters influencing potential gas flow
to the mine in the event of a nearby unconventional
shale gas well casing breach. Mining, Metallurgy &
Exploration, 2022. 39(6): p. 2333–2341.
[6] Schatzel S.J., K.Z., Ajayi K., Watkins E., Dougherty
H., Gangrade V., Su W., Harris M.L., Kimutis
R., Findings from NIOSH Ventilation Research for
Improved Safety in Unconventional Gas Wells Located
in Abutment Pillars: September 2021 Update. 2021.
[7] Schatzel, S., et al. Tracer gas study to determine face ven-
tilation air and gob gas movement patterns on a bleeder-
less longwall panel. in 2017 SME Annual Meeting and
Exhibit, Denver, CO. 2017.
[8] Gangrade, V., S. Harteis, and J. Addis. Development
and applications of a scaled aerodynamic model for sim-
ulations of airflows in a longwall panel. in Proceedings
of the Sixteen North American Mine Ventilation
Symposium. Golden, CO. 2017.
[9] Gangrade, V.K.R.W., E Shatzel, SJ Addis, J
Hollerich, C. Simulating the impact of a shale gas
well breach on longwall mine ventilation utilizing a
scaled physical model. in 2021 SME Annual Meeting
and Exhibit. 2021. Virtual Conference: Society for
Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.
[10] Eller, P.M. and M.E. Cassinelli, NIOSH, Manual of
Analytical Methods. Vol. 1. 1994: US Department of
Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
Centers ….
[11] Ajayi, K., Z. Khademian, S. Schatzel, and E.
Rubinstein, Implications of Shale Gas Well Integrity
Failure Near a Longwall Mine Under Shallow Cover.
Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration, 2023. 40(2):
p. 543–553.
[12] Watkins, E., Findings from NIOSH Ventilation
Research for Improved Safety in Unconventional Gas
Wells Located in Abutment Pillars: 2021 Update, S.
Schatzel, Editor. 2021: Virtual Meeting.
[13] Schatzel, S., R. Krog, and H. Dougherty, Methane
emissions and airflow patterns on a longwall face: poten-
tial influences from longwall gob permeability distribu-
tions on a bleederless longwall panel. Transactions of
Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc,
2017. 342(1): p. 51.
[14] CFR. Code of Federal Regulations. 2022 10/18/2022]
Available from: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30
/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75.
further support for the similitude to in-mine tests, and now
includes NAB mines in this comparison.
LIMITATIONS
Selected mine ventilation designs approved by MSHA for
use in Pittsburgh Coal Seam longwall operations were uti-
lized for testing. Variations in air quantities, longwall face
velocities and tailgate “T Split” designs were included based
upon co-operating mines’ ventilation data in the testing.
Individual test results may not be applied to all mine venti-
lation design scenarios.
Sample locations in the LIAM mined gob areas have
undefined areas due to their location in the mined gob
‘rubble’ zone behind the active longwall face. A maximum
defined area of 25% has been assigned for those locations
for calculation purposes. Sulfur Hexafluoride gas is utilized
as a surrogate for methane in the LIAM testing. This study
inserted tracer gas in the LIAM model only at the (mine)
roof level and let it migrate through the model during
testing.
DISCLAIMER
The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the official posi-
tion of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). Mention of any company or product
does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH.
REFERENCES
[1] Harris, M., et al., Permeability determination for
potential interaction between shale gas wells and the
coal mine environment due to longwall-induced defor-
mations under deep cover, in Underground Ventilation.
2023, CRC Press. p. 499–506.
[2] Watkins, E., C.Ö. Karacan, V. Gangrade, and S.
Schatzel, Assessing Gas Leakage Potential into Coal
Mines from Shale Gas Well Failures: Inference from
Field Determination of Strata Permeability Responses
to Longwall-Induced Deformations. Natural Resources
Research, 2021. 30(3): p. 2347–2360.
[3] Ajayi, K., et al., Numerical modeling of longwall-
induced permeability under shallow cover. Tukkaraja
(Ed.), Mine Ventilation, 2021: p. 389–397.
[4] Ajayi, K.M. and S.J. Schatzel, Transport model for
shale gas well leakage through the surrounding fractured
zones of a longwall mine. International journal of min-
ing science and technology, 2020. 30(5): p. 635–641.
[5] Ajayi, K.M., Z. Khademian, and S.J. Schatzel,
Evaluation of parameters influencing potential gas flow
to the mine in the event of a nearby unconventional
shale gas well casing breach. Mining, Metallurgy &
Exploration, 2022. 39(6): p. 2333–2341.
[6] Schatzel S.J., K.Z., Ajayi K., Watkins E., Dougherty
H., Gangrade V., Su W., Harris M.L., Kimutis
R., Findings from NIOSH Ventilation Research for
Improved Safety in Unconventional Gas Wells Located
in Abutment Pillars: September 2021 Update. 2021.
[7] Schatzel, S., et al. Tracer gas study to determine face ven-
tilation air and gob gas movement patterns on a bleeder-
less longwall panel. in 2017 SME Annual Meeting and
Exhibit, Denver, CO. 2017.
[8] Gangrade, V., S. Harteis, and J. Addis. Development
and applications of a scaled aerodynamic model for sim-
ulations of airflows in a longwall panel. in Proceedings
of the Sixteen North American Mine Ventilation
Symposium. Golden, CO. 2017.
[9] Gangrade, V.K.R.W., E Shatzel, SJ Addis, J
Hollerich, C. Simulating the impact of a shale gas
well breach on longwall mine ventilation utilizing a
scaled physical model. in 2021 SME Annual Meeting
and Exhibit. 2021. Virtual Conference: Society for
Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.
[10] Eller, P.M. and M.E. Cassinelli, NIOSH, Manual of
Analytical Methods. Vol. 1. 1994: US Department of
Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
Centers ….
[11] Ajayi, K., Z. Khademian, S. Schatzel, and E.
Rubinstein, Implications of Shale Gas Well Integrity
Failure Near a Longwall Mine Under Shallow Cover.
Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration, 2023. 40(2):
p. 543–553.
[12] Watkins, E., Findings from NIOSH Ventilation
Research for Improved Safety in Unconventional Gas
Wells Located in Abutment Pillars: 2021 Update, S.
Schatzel, Editor. 2021: Virtual Meeting.
[13] Schatzel, S., R. Krog, and H. Dougherty, Methane
emissions and airflow patterns on a longwall face: poten-
tial influences from longwall gob permeability distribu-
tions on a bleederless longwall panel. Transactions of
Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc,
2017. 342(1): p. 51.
[14] CFR. Code of Federal Regulations. 2022 10/18/2022]
Available from: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30
/chapter-I/subchapter-O/part-75.